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Vulnerability in ISO 15118-2 Affects EV Chargers

Source Decision Insights Threat Desk Published November 6, 2025 Companies 2
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2 companies named across 12 categories, one of 241 articles referencing Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA). Previous coverage: CISA and NSA Release Guidance for Exchange Server Security (Nov 2025).

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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could result in man-in-the-middle attacks.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following ISO 15118 part is affected:

  • ISO 15118 standard: Part 15118-2 Network and Application Protocol Requirements

3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW

3.2.1 IMPROPER RESTRICTION OF COMMUNICATION CHANNEL TO INTENDED ENDPOINTS CWE-923

By manipulating the Signal Level Attenuation Characterization (SLAC) protocol with spoofed measurements, an attacker can stage a man-in-the-middle attack between an EV and chargers that comply with the ISO 15118-2 part. This vulnerability may be exploitable wirelessly, within close proximity, via electromagnetic induction.

CVE-2025-12357 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 8.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (Antivirus Software (AV):A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-12357. A base score of 7.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.3 BACKGROUND

  • CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Transportation
  • COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
  • COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Switzerland

3.4 RESEARCHER

Mark I. Johnson of Southwest Research Institute reported this vulnerability to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

ISO recommends using Transport Layer Security (TLS) for all communications in accordance with ISO 15118-20. While the use of TLS is recommended in ISO 15118-2, it is required in the ISO 15118-20 revision. TLS should be implemented with certificate chaining.

For additional information, please contact the International Electrotechnical Commission.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability, such as:

  • Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the Internet.
  • Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
  • When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize Virtual Private Network (VPN) is only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the Industrial Control Systems (ICS) webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving ICS Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time. This vulnerability is not exploitable remotely.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

  • October 30, 2025: Initial Publication

Blog post, originally published by CISA at cisa.gov.

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